Research papers: Stratosphere-troposphere interaction
Papers that discuss stratosphere/troposphere coupling in the context of the annular modes.

(Please send all additions to the following list to David W. J. Thompson davet@atmos.colostate.edu)

A

Abarca del Rio, R., D. Gambis, and D.A. Salstein, 2000: Interannual signals in length of day and atmospheric angular momentum Ann. Geophys., 18, 347-364.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Ambaum, M.H.P., and B.J. Hoskins, 2002: The NAO troposphere-stratosphere connection. Journal of Climate, 15, 1969-1978.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Angell, J.K., 2001: Relation of size and displacement of the 300 mbar north circumpolar vortex to QBO, El Nino, and sunspot number, 1963-2000. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 31787-31794.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Appenzeller, C., A.K. Weiss, and J. Staehelin, 2000: North Atlantic oscillation modulates total ozone winter trends Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1131-1134.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

B

Baldwin, M. P., D.B. Stephenson, D.W.J. Thompson, T.J. Dunkerton, A.J. Charlton, and A. O'Neill, 2003: Stratospheric memory and extended-range weather forecasts. Science, 301, 636-640.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Baldwin, M. P., L.J. Gray, T.J. Dunkerton, et al., 2001: The quasi-biennial oscillation. Rev. Geophys., 39, 179-229
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Baldwin, M. P., and T. J. Dunkerton, 1999: Propagation of the Arctic Oscillation from the stratosphere to the troposphere. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30 937-30 946.
Electronic version of abstract available through this link.

Baldwin, M.P., and T.J. Dunkerton, 2001: Stratospheric Harbingers of Anomalous Weather Regimes. Science, 294, 581-584.
Electronic version of this paper availablethrough this link.

Black, R. X., 2002: Stratospheric forcing of surface climate in the Arctic Oscillation. J. Climate, 15, 268-277.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Black, R.X., and B.A. McDaniel, 2004: Diagnostic Case Studies of the Northern Annular Mode. J. Climate, 17(20), 3990-4004.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Bronnimann, S., J. Luterbacher, C. Schmutz, H. Wanner, and J. Staehelin, 2000: Variability of total ozone at Arosa, Switzerland, since 1931 related to atmospheric circulation indices Geophys. Res. Lett, 27, 2213-2216.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Butchart, N., et al., 2000: The Response of the Stratospheric Climate to Projected Changes in the Concentrations of Well-Mixed Greenhouse Gases from 1992 to 2051 J. Climate, 13, 2142-2159.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

C

Cai, M., 2003: Potential vorticity intrusion index and climate variability of surface temperature. Geophys. Res. Letts., 30(3), 1119, doi:12.1029/2002GL015926.

Cai, M., and R.-C. Ren, 2006: 40-70 day meridional propagation of global circulation anomalies. Geophys. Res. Letts., 33, L06818, doi:10.1029/2005GL025024.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Castanheira, J.M., and H.-F. Graf, 2003: North Pacific-North Atlantic relationships under stratospheric control? J. Geophys. Res., 108(D1), doi:10.1029/2002JD002754.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Charlton, A. J., A. O'Neill, D. B. Stephenson, W. A. Lahoz, M. P. Baldwin, 2003: Can knowledge of the state of the stratosphere be used to improve statistical forecasts of the troposphere? Q. J. Roy. Met. Soc, 129(B), #595, pg3205.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Charlton, A. J., A. O'Neill, W. A. Lahoz, and A.C. Massacand, 2004: Sensitivity of Tropospheric Forecasts to Stratospheric Initial Conditions. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130(A), #600, pg1771.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Chen, W., H.F. Graf, and M. Takahashi, 2002: Observed interannual oscillations of planetary wave forcing in the Northern Hemisphere winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, art. no. 2073.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Cheng, X., and T. J. Dunkerton, 1995: Orthogonal rotation of spatial patterns derived from singular value decomposition analysis. J. Climate, 8, 2631-2643.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Christiansen, B., 1999: Stratospheric vacillations in a general circulation model J. Atm. Sci., 56, 1858-1872.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Christiansen, B., 2000: Chaos, quasi-periodicity and interannual variability: Studies of a stratospheric vacillation model. J. Atm. Sci., 57, 3161-3173.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Christiansen, B., 2000: A model study of the dynamical connection between the Arctic Oscillation and stratospheric vacillations. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 29461-29474.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Christiansen, B., 2001: Downward propagation of zonal mean zonal wind anomalies from the stratosphere to the troposphere: Model and reanalysis. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27307-27322.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Christiansen, B., 2002: Temporal growth and vertical propagation of perturbations in the winter atmosphere. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., accepted.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Christiansen, B., 2003: Evidence for nonlinear climate change: Two stratospheric regimes and a regime shift. J. Climate, 16, 3681-3689.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Christiansen, B., 2005: Biomodality of the planetary-scale atmospheric wave amplitude index. J. Atmos. Sci., 62(7), 2528-2541.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Christiansen, B., 2005: Downward propagation and statistical forecast of the near surface weather. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D14104, doi:10.1029/2004JD005431.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Coughlin, K., and K. -K. Tung, 2001: QBO Signal found at the Extratropical Surface through Northern Annular Modes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4563-4566
PDF version of manuscript available through this link.

D

Dunkerton, T.J., 2000: Midwinter Deceleration of the Subtropical Mesospheric Jet and Interannual Variability of the High-Latitude Flow in UKMO Analyses J. Atmos. Sci., 23, 3838-3855.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

E

Eichelberger, S., and J. R. Holton, 2002: A Mechanistic Model of the Northern Annular Mode. J. Geophys. Res., 107, Doi:10.1029/2001JD001092.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

F

Fioletov, V.E., T.G. Shepherd, 2003: Seasonal persistance of midlatitude total ozone anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, doi:10.1029/2002GL016739.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

G

Gillett, N.P., et al, 2002: How linear is the Arctic Oscillation response to greenhouse gases? J. Geophys.Res., 107, 4022-4028, 10.1029/2001JD000589
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Gillett, N.P., G. C. Hegerl, M.R. Allen, and P. A. Stott, 2000: Implications of observed changes in the Northern Hemisphere circulation for the detection of anthropogenic climate change. Geophys.Res. Lett., 27, 993-996, 2000.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Gillett, N.P., M. P. Baldwin, and M. R. Allen, 2001: Evidence for nonlinearity in observed stratospheric circulation changes. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7891-7901.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Gillett, N.P., M. R. Allen, and K.D. Williams, 2003: Modeling the atmospheric response to doubled CO2 and depleted stratospheric ozone using a stratosphere-resolving coupled GCM. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 129(589), 947-966.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Gillett, N.P., M. R. Allen, and K.D. Williams, 2002: The role of stratospheric resolution in simulating the Arctic Oscillation response to greenhouse gases. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, 1500-1503.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Grassi, B., G. Redaelli, and G. Visconti, 2008: Tropical SST preconditioning of the SH polar vortex during winter 2002. J. Climate, submitted.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Graversen, R., and B. Christiansen, 2003: Downward propagation from the stratosphere to the troposphere: A comparison of two hemispheres. J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D24), 4780, doi:10.1029/2003JD004077.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Gray, L.J., S.J. Phipps, T.J. Dunkerton, et al., 2001: A data study of the influence of the equatorial upper stratosphere on northern-hemisphere stratospheric sudden warmings. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 1985-2003.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Grise, K.M., D.W.J. Thompson, and P.M. Forster, 2008: On the Role of Radiative Processes in Stratosphere-Troposphere Coupling. J. Climate, submitted.

Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

H

H

Harnik, N., and R.S. Lindzen, 2001: The effect of reflecting surfaces on the vertical structure and variability of stratospheric planetary waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2872-2894.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hartmann, D.L., J.M. Wallace, V. Limpasuvan, D.W.J. Thompson, and J.R. Holton , 2000: Can Ozone Depletion and Greenhouse Warming Interact to Produce Rapid Cl imate Change? Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 97, 1412-1417.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Haynes, P.H., 2005: Stratospheric dynamics. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 37, 263-293.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Highwood, E.J., B.J. Hoskins, and P. Berrisford, 2000: Properties of the Arctic tropopause. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 1515-1532.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hu, Y., and K. K. Tung, 2002: Interannual and decadal variations of planetary-wave activity, stratospheric cooling, and Northern Hemisphere annular mode. J. Climate, 15, 1659-1673.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hu, Y., and K. K. Tung, 2003: Possible Ozone Induced Long-Term Change in Planetary Wave Activity During Late Winter. J. Climate, 16(18), 3027-3038.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Huth, R., and P.O. Canziani, 2005: Classification of hemispheric monthly mean stratospheric potential vorticity fields. Annal. Geophys., 21, 805-817.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

I

J

James, P.M., D. Peters, and D.W Waugh, 2000: Very low ozone episodes due to polar vortex displacement. Tellus B, 52, 1123-1137.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

K

Karpetchko, A., and G. Nikulin, 2004: Influence of early winter upward wave activity flux on midwinter circulation in the stratosphere and troposphere. J. Climate, 17, 4443-4452.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kindem, I., and B. Christiansen, 2001: Tropospheric Response to Stratospheric Ozone Loss. Geophysical Res. Let., 28, 1547-1550.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kirchner, I., G.L. Stenchikov, H.-F. Graf, A. Robock and J.C. Antuna, 1999: Climate model simulation of winter warming and summer cooling following the 1991 Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19,039-19,055.
Abstract available through this link.

Kitoh, A., H. Koide, K. Kodera, S. Yukimoto and A. Noda, 1996: Interannual variability in the stratospheric-tropospheric circulation in a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 543-546.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kodera, K., 1995: On the origin and nature of the interannual variability of the winter stratospheric circulation in the northern hemisphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14077-14087.

Kodera, K., and M. Chiba, 1995: Tropospheric circulation changes associated with stratospheric sudden warmings: A case study, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11055-11068.

Kodera, K., M. Chiba, H. Koide, A. Kitoh, and Y. Nikaidou, 1996: Interannual variability of the winter stratosphere and troposphere in the Northern Hemisphere. J. Met. Soc. Japan, 74, 365-382.

Kodera, K., and H. Koide, Spatial and seasonal characteristics of recent decadal trends in the northern hemispheric troposphere and stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 19433-19447, 1997.

Kodera, K., H. Koide, H. Yoshimura, 1999: Northern Hemisphere winter circulation associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation and stratospheric polar-night jet. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 443-446.
Electronic version of abstract available through this link.

Kodera, K., Y. Kuroda, and S. Pawson, 2000: Stratospheric sudden warmings and slowly propagating zonal-mean zonal wind anomalies, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 12351-12359.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kodera, K., and Y. Kuroda, 2000: A mechanistic model study of slowly propagating coupled stratosphere-troposphere variability, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 12361-12370.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kodera, K., and Y. Kuroda, 2000: Tropospheric and stratospheric aspects of the Arctic Oscillation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3349-3352.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kornich, H., G. Schmitz, and E. Becker, 2003: Dependence of the annular mode in the troposphere and stratosphere on orography and land-sea heating contrasts. Geophys. Res. Letts., 30(5), art #1265, doi:10.1029/2002GL016327.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kuroda, Y., 2002: Relationship between the polar-night jet oscillation and the annular mode. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1240-1243.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kuroda, Y., 2007: Effect of QBO and ENSO on the solar cycle modulation of winter North Atlantic Oscillation. J. Met. Soc. Japan., 85, 889-898.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kuroda, Y., 2008: Effect of stratospheric warming and vortex intensification on the tropospheric climate. J. Geophys. Res.., 113, D15110, doi:10.1029/2007JD009550..
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kuroda, Y., 2008: Role of the stratosphere on the predictability of medium-range weather forecast: A case study of winter 2003-2004. . Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L19701, doi:10.1029/2008GL034902.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kuroda, Y., and K. Kodera, 1998: Interannual variability in the troposphere and stratosphere and stratosphere of the southern hemisphere winter. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13787-13799.
Electronic version of abstract available through this link.

Kuroda, Y., and K. Kodera, 1999: Role of planetary waves in the stratosphere-troposphere coupled variability in the northern hemisphere winter Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2375-2378.
Electronic version of abstract available through this link.

Kuroda, Y., and K. Kodera, 2001: Variability of the polar night jet in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 20703-20713.
Electronic version of abstract available through this link.

Kuroda, Y., and K. Kodera, 2004: Role of the Polar-night Jet Oscillation on the formation of the Arctic Oscillation in the northern hemisphere winter. J. Geophys. Res., 109(D11), doi:10.1029/2003JD004123.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kuroda, Y., and K. Kodera, 2002: Effect of solar activity on the polar-night oscillation in the northern and southern hemisphere winter. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 80, 973-984.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kuroda, Y., and K. Kodera, 2005: Solar cycle modulation of the Southern Annular Mode. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32(13), doi:10.1029/2005GL022516.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kuroda, Y., M. Deushi, and K. Shibata, 2007: Role of solar activity in the troposphere-stratosphere coupling in the Southern Hemisphere winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L21704, doi:10.1029/2007GL030983.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kushner, P.J., and L.M. Polvani, 2005: A very large, spontaneous stratospheric sudden warming in a simple AGCM: A prototype for the Southern-Hemisphere warming of 2002? J. Atmos. Sci., 62(3), 890-897, doi:10.1175/JAS-3314.1.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

L

Limpasuvan, V., D.L. Hartmann, D.W.J. Thompson, K. Jeev, and Y.L. Yung, 2005: Stratosphere-troposphere evolution during polar vortex intensification. J.Geophys. Res., 110, D24101, doi:10.1029/2005JD006302.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Limpasuvan, V., D.W.J. Thompson, and D.L. Hartmann, 2004: The Life Cycle of the Northern Hemisphere Sudden Stratospheric Warmings. J. Climate, 17(13), 2584-2596, doi:10.1175/1520-0442.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Limpasuvan, V., D.W.J. Thompson, and D.L. Hartmann, 2005: Reply. J. Climate, 18(14), 2778-2780, doi:10.1175/JCLI3444.1.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Lorenz, D.J., and D.L. Hartmann, 2003: Eddy-Zonal flow feedback in the Northern Hemisphere Winter. J. Climate, 16(8), 1212-1227.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

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Mao, J., and A. Robock, 1998: Surface air temperature simulations by AMIP general circulation models: Volcanic and ENSO signals and systematic errors. J. Climate, 11, 1538-1552.
Abstract available through this link.

McDaniel, B.A., and R.X. Black, 2005: Intraseasonal dynamical evolution of the Northern Annular Mode. J. Climate, 18(18), 3820-3839, doi:10.1175/JCLI3467.1.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

N

Naito, Y., M. Taguchi, and S. Yoden, 2003: A parameter sweep experiment on the effects of the equatorial QBO on stratospheric sudden warming events. J. Atmos. Sci., 60(11), 1380-1394.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Naito, Y., and S. Yoden, 2005: A statistical analysis on the effects of the equatorial QBO on the extratropical stratosphere and troposphere based on large samples of daily data. SOLA, 1, 17-20.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Nikulin, G.N., and R.P. Repinskaya, 2001: Modulation of total ozone anomalies in the midlatitude Northern Hemisphere by the Arctic Oscillation. Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phy., 37, 633-643.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Noone, D., Y. Yung, and R. Shia, 2003: The Northern Annular Mode response to Arctic sea ice loss and the sensitivity of troposphere-stratosphere interaction. J. Climate, submitted.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Norton, W.A., 2002: Sensitivity of Northern Hemisphere surface climate to simulation of the stratospheric polar vortex. J. Climate Letts., submitted.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

O

O'Hanlon, L., 2002: Making waves. NATURE, 415, 360-362.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Orsolini, Y.J., and V. Limpasuvan, 2001: The North Atlantic Oscillation and the occurrences of ozone miniholes. Geophys. Res. Letters, 28, 4099-4102.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

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Pawson, S., K. Kodera, and K. Hamilton, et al., 2000: The GCM-reality intercomparison project for SPARC (GRIPS): Scientific issues and initial results BAMS, 81, 781-796.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Perlwitz, J., and H. -F. Graf, 1995: The statistical connection between tropospheric and stratospheric circulation of the Northern Hemisphere in winter. J. Climate, 8, 2281-2295.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Perlwitz, J., H.-F. Graf, and R. Voss , 2000: The leading variability mode of the coupled troposphere-stratosphere winter circulation in different climate regimes J. Geophys. Res., 105, 6915-6926.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Perlwitz, J., and H.-F. Graf, 2001: Troposphere-stratosphere dynamic coupling under strong and weak polar vortex conditions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 271-274.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Perlwitz, J., and H.-F. Graf 2001. The variability of the horizontal circulation in the troposphere and stratosphere - A comparison. Theoret. Appl. Climatol., 69, 149-161.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Perlwitz, J., N. Harnik, 2003: Observational evidence of a stratospheric influence on the troposphere by planetary wave reflection. J. Climate, 16(18), 3011-3026.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Perlwitz, J., and N. Harnik, 2004: Downward coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere: The relative roles of wave and zonal mean processes. J. Climate, 17, 4902-4909.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Plumb, R.A., and K. Semeniuk, 2003: Downward migration of extratropical zonal wind anomalies. J. Geophys. Res,, 108(D7), art4223, doi:10.1029/2002JD002773.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Polvani, L.M., and P.J. Kushner, 2002: Tropospheric response to stratospheric perturbations in a relatively simple general circulation model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, No. 7, doi:10.1029/2001GL014284.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Polvani, L.M., and D.W. Waugh, 2004: Upward Wave Activity Flux as Precursor to Extreme Stratospheric Events and Subsequent Anomalous Surface Weather Regimes. J. Clim., 17(18), 3548-3554.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

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Ramachandran, S., V. Ramaswamy, G.L. Stenchikov, and A. Robock, 2000: Radiative impacts of the Mt. Pinatubo volcanic eruption: Lower stratospheric response. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24409-24429.
Abstract available through this link.

Ramaswamy, V., M.L. Chanin, J. Angell, et al, 2001: Stratospheric temperature trends: Observations and model simulations. Rev. Geophys., 39, 71-122.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Randel, W. J., F. Wu, and D.J. Gaffen, 2000: Interannual variability of the tropical tropopause derived from radiosonde data and NCEP reanalyses. J. Geophys. Res. - Atmos, 105, 15509-15523.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Reichler, T., P.J. Kushner, and L.M. Polvani, 2005: The coupled stratosphere-troposphere response to impulsive forcing from the troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci. , in press.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Rind, D., J. Lerner, J. Perlwitz, C. McLinden, and M. Prather, 2002: Sensitivity of tracer transports and stratospheric ozone to sea surface temperature patterns in the doubled CO2 climate. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D24), doi:10.1029/2002JD002483.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Rind, D., J. Perlwitz, and P. Lonergan, 2005: AO/NAO Response to Climate Change. Part I: Respective Influences of Stratospheric and Tropospheric Climate Changes. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D12107, doi:10.1029/2004JD005103.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Rind, D., J. Perlwitz, P. Lonergan, and J. Lerner, 2005: AO/NAO Response to Climate Change. Part II: Relative Importance of Low and High Latitude Temperature Changes. J. Geophys. Res, 110, D12108, doi:10.1029/2004JD005686.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Robock, A., 2001: Stratospheric forcing needed for dynamical seasonal prediction. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 2189-2192.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Robock, A., and J. Mao, 1995: The volcanic signal in surface temperature observations. J. Climate, 8, 1086-1103.
Abstract available through this link.

Robock, A., 1996: Stratospheric control of climate, Science, 272, 972-973.
Abstract available through this link.

Robock, A., 2000: Volcanic eruptions and climate. Rev. Geophys., 38, 191-219. (Invited paper)
Abstract available through this link.

Ruzmaikin, A., and J. Feynman 2002: Solar Influence on a Major Mode of Atmospheric Variability. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4209-4219, doi:10.1029/2001JD001239.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Ruzmaikin, A., J. Lawrence, and C. Cadavid, 2003: A simple model of stratospheric dynamics including solar variability. J. Climate, 16, 1593-1600.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

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Salby, M.L., and P.F. Callaghan, 2002: Interannual changes of the stratospheric circulation: Relationship to ozone and tropospheric structure. J. Climate, 15, 3673-3685.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Salby, M.L., and P.F. Callaghan, 2003: Systematic changes of stratospheric temperature: Relationship between the tropics and extratropics. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D3), art#4101, doi:10.1029/2001JD002034.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Scaife, A.A., J.R. Knoght, G.K. Vallis, and C.K. Folland, 2005: A stratospheric influence on the winter NAO and North Atlantic surface climate. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18715, doi:10.1029/2005GL023226.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Schnadt, C., and M. Dameris, 2003: Relationship between North Atlantic Oscillation changes and stratospheric ozone recovery in the the Northern Hemisphere in a chemistry-climate model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(9), doi:10.1029/2003GL017006.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Shaw, T.A., and T.G. Shepherd, 2008: Atmospheric science: Raising the roof. Nature Geoscience, 1, 12-13.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Shepherd, T.G., 2002: Issues in stratosphere-troposphere coupling. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 80, 769-792.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Shindell, D. T., R. L. Miller, G. Schmidt, and L. Pandolfo, 1999: Simulation of recent northern winter climate trends by greenhouse-gas forcing. Nature, 399, 452-455.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Shindell, D.T., G.A. Schmidt, M.E. Mann, D. Rind, A. Waple, 2001: Solar forcing of regional climate change during the maunder minimum. Science, 294, 2149-2152.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Shindell, D.T., G.A. Schmidt, R.L. Miller, and D. Rind 2001. Northern Hemisphere winter climate response to greenhouse gas, ozone, solar, and volcanic forcing. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 7193-7210.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Shiogama, H., H. Mukougawa, 2005: Influence of ENSO on the Stratosphere-Troposphere Coupling During Stratospheric Sudden Warming Events. SOLA, 1(1), 125-128.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Siegmund, P., 2005: Stratospheric polar cap-mean height and temperature as extended-range weather predictors. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133(8), 2436-2448, doi:10.1175/MWR2985.1.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Siegmund, P., , M. Sigmond, and H. Kelder, 2004: The stratosphere as a puppeteer of European winter climate. Eu. Phys. News, 35(3), 73-75.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Sigmond, M., J.F. Scinocca, and P.J. Kushner, 2008: Impact of the stratosphere on tropospheric climate change. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12706, doi:10.1029/2008GL033573.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Sigmond, M., P.C. Siegmund, E. Manzini, and H. Kelder, 2004: A simulation of the separate climate effects of middle atmospheric and tropospheric CO2 doubling. J. Clim., 17(12), 2352-2367.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Sigmond, M., P.C. Siegmund and H. Kelder, 2003: Analysis of the coupling between the stratospheric meridional wind and the surface level zonal wind during 1979-93 Northern Hemisphere extratropical winters. Clim. Dyn., 21, 211-219, doi:10.1007/s00382-003-0328-2.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

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