Research papers: Trends
Papers that relate to the role of the annular modes in recent climate change.

(Please send all additions to the following list to David W. J. Thompson davet@atmos.colostate.edu)

A

Aanes, R., B.-E. Saether, F.M. Smith, E.J. Cooper, P.A. Wookey, and N.A. Oritsland, 2002: The Arctic Oscillation predicts effects of climate change in two trophic levels in a high-arctic ecosystem. Ecology Letts., 5, 445-453.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Allen, M.R., and W.J. Ingram, 2002: Constraints on future changes in climate and the hydrologic cycle. NATURE, 419, 224-+.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Appenzeller, C., T.F. Stocker, and M. Anklin, 1998: North Atlantic oscillation dynamics recorded in Greenland ice cores Science, 282, 446-449.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Appenzeller, C., A.K. Weiss, J. Staehelin, 2000: North Atlantic oscillation modulates total ozone winter trends Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1131-1134.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Arblaster, J.M., and G.A. Meehl, 2006: Contributions of external forcings to Southern Annular Mode trends. J. Climate, 19(12), 2896-2905 .
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

B

Bauer, E., 2001: Interannual changes of the ocean wave variability in the North Atlantic and in the North Sea. Climate Res., 18, 63-69.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Belgrano, A., 2002: Where is the climate? Trend. Ecol. Evolut., 17, 13-14.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Bonsal, B.R., and T.D. Prowse, 2003: Trends and variability in spring and autumn 0 degrees C isotherm dates over Canada. Climatic Change, 57(3), 341-358.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Brabson, B.B., and J.P. Palutikof, 2002: The evolution of extreme temperatures in the Central England temperature record. Geophys. Res. Letts., 29(24), doi:10.1029/2002GL015964.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Brandefelt, J. and E. Kallen, 2004: The response of the Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation to an Enhanced Greenhouse Gas Forcing. J. Climate, 17(22), 4425-4442.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Broccoli, A.J., T.L. Delworth, and N.C. Lau, 2001: The effect of changes in observational coverage on the association between surface temperature and the Arctic oscillation.J. Climate, 14, 2481-2485
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Bronnimann, S., J. Luterbacher, C. Schmutz, H. Wanner, and J. Staehelin, 2000: Variability of total ozone at Arosa, Switzerland, since 1931 related to atmospheric circulation indices Geophys. Res. Lett, 27, 2213-2216.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Butchart, N., et al., 2000: J. Climate, 13, 2142-2159.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Butler, A.H., D.W.J. Thompson and K.R. Gurney, 2007: Observed Relationships between the Southern Annular Mode and Atmpospheric Carbon Dioxide. Glob. Bio. Cycles, 21, GB4014, doi:10.1029/2006GB002796.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

C

Cai, W., 2006: Antarctic ozone depletion causes in intensification of the Southern Ocean super-gyre circulation. Geophys. Res. Letts., 33, L03712, doi:10.1029/2005GL024911.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Cai, W., and P.H. Whetton, 2001: Modes of SST variability and the fluctuation of global mean temperature. Clim. Dynam., 17, 889-901.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Cai, W., G. Shi, T. Cowan, D. Bi, and J. Ribbe, 2005: he response of the Southern Annular Mode, the East Australian Current, and the southern mid-latitude ocean circulation to global warming. Geophys. Res. Letts., 32, L23706, doi:10.1029/2005GL024701.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Cai, W.J., P.H. Whetton, and D.J. Karoly, 2003: The response of the Antarctic Oscillation to increasing and stabilized atmospheric CO2. J. Climate, 16, 1525-1538.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Cassou, C., and L. Terray, 2001: Oceanis forcing of the wintertime low-frequency atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic European sector: A study with the ARPEGE model. J. Climate, 14(22), 4266-4291.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Cavazos, T., 2000: Using self-organizing maps to investigate extreme climate events: An application to wintertime precipitation in the Balkans J. Climate, 13, 1718-1732.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Cazenave, A., C. Cabanes, K. Dominh, and S. Mangiarotti, 2001: Recent sea level change in the Mediterranean sea revealed by Topex/Poseidon satellite altimetry. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1607-1610.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Chang, E.K.M., and Y.F. Fu, 2002: Interdecadal variations in Northern Hemisphere winter storm track intensity. J. Climate, 15(6), 642-658.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Chen, T.-C., and M.-C. Yen, 1997: Interdecadal variation of the Southern Hemisphere circulation. J. Climate, 10, 805-812.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Cherry, J., H. Cullen, M. Visbeck, A. Small, and C. Uvo, 2005: Impacts of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Scandinavian Hydropower Production and Energy Markets. Water Resource Management, 19, 673-691, doi:10.1007/s11269-005-3279-z.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Comiso, J.C., 2001: Variability and Trends in Antarctic Surface Temperatures from In Situ and Satellite Infrared Measurements. J. Climate, 13(10), 1674-1696.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Corti, S., F. Molteni, T.N. Palmer, 1999: Signature of recent climate change in frequencies of natural atmospheric circulation regimes Nature, 398, 799-802.
Electronic version of abstract available through this link.

D

Dai, A., T.M.L. Wigley, B.A. Bolville, et al., 2001: Climates of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries simulated by the NCAR climate system model. J. Climate, 14, 485-519.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Delworth, D., and K. W. Dixon, 2000: Implications of the recent trend in the Arctic/North Atlantic Oscillation for the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. J. Climate, 13, 3721-3727
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Delworth, T.L., and M.E. Mann, 2000: Observed and simulated multidecadal variability in the Northern Hemisphere. Clim. Dynam., 16, 661-676
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Deser, C., J.E. Walsh, and M.S. Timlin, 2000: Arctic sea ice variability in the context of recent atmospheric circulation trends J. Climate, 13, 617-633.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Dettinger, M.D., and H.F.Diaz, 2000: Global characteristics of stream flow seasonality and variability. J. Hydrometeorol., 1(4), 289-310.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Dickson B, Yashayaev I, Meincke J, et al., 2002: Rapid freshening of the deep North Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades NATURE, 416, 832-837.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Dickson, R. R., T.J. Osborn, J.W. Hurrell, et al., 2000: The Arctic Ocean Response to the North Atlantic Oscillation. J. Climate, 13, 2671-2696.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Doran, P.T., J.C. Priscu, W.B. Lyons, J.E. Walsh, A.G. Fountain, D.M. McKnight, D.L. Moorhead, R.A. Virginia, D.H. Wall, G.D. Clow, C.H. Fritsen, C.P. McKay, and A.N. Parsons, 2002: Antarctic climate cooling and terrestrial ecosystem response. Nature, 415, 517-520
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

E

Eden, C., R.J. Greatbatch and J. Lu, 2002: Prospects for decadal prediction of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(10), doi.10.1029/2001GL014069.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Eichelberger, S., and J. R. Holton, 2002: A Mechanistic Model of the Northern Annular Mode. J. Geophys. Res., 107, Doi:10.1029/2001JD001092.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Esselborn, S., and C. Eden, 2001: Sea surface height changes in the North Atlantic Ocean related to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3473-3476.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

F

Feldstein, S. B., 2002: The recent trend and variance increase of the annular mode. J. Climate, 15, 88-94.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Feser, F., H.F. Graf, J. Perlwitz, 2000: Secular variability of the coupled tropospheric and stratospheric circulation in the GCM ECHAM 3/LSG. Theor. Appl. Clim., 65, 1-15.
Electronic version of abstract available through this link.
Pdf version of manuscript available through this link.

Fleming, S.W., R.D. Moore, and G.K.C. Clarke, 2006: Glacier-Mediated Streamflow Teleconnections to the Arctic Oscillation. Int. J. Climatol., 26, 619-636.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Fraedrich, K., F.W. Gerstengarbe, and P.C. Werner, Climate shifts during the last century. Climatic Change, 50, 405-417.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Fyfe, J.C., 2002: Separating extratropical zonal wind variability and mean change. J. Climate, 16(5), 863-874.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Fyfe, J.C., 2006: Southern Ocean Warming Due to Human Influence. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19701, doi:10.1029/2006GL027247.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Fyfe, J. C., G. J. Boer, and G. M. Flato, 1999: The Arctic and Antarctic Oscillations and their projected changes under global warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1601-1604.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

G

Genthon, C., G. Krinner, and M. Sacchettini, 2003: Interannual Antarctic tropospheric circulation and precipitation variability. Clim. Dyn., 21, 298-307, doi:10.1007/s00382-003-0329-1.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Gille, S.T., 2002: Warming of the Southern Ocean Since the 1950s. SCIENCE, 295, 1275-1277.
Electronic version of article available through this link.

Gillett, N.P., et al, 2002: How linear is the Arctic Oscillation response to greenhouse gases? J. Geophys.Res., 107, 4022-4028, 10.1029/2001JD000589
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Gillett, N.P., G. C. Hegerl, M.R. Allen, and P. A. Stott, 2000: Implications of observed changes in the Northern Hemisphere circulation for the detection of anthropogenic climate change. Geophys.Res. Lett., 27, 993-996, 2000.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Gillett, N.P., M. P. Baldwin, and M. R. Allen, 2001: Evidence for nonlinearity in observed stratospheric circulation changes. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7891-7901.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Gillett, N.P., M. R. Allen, and K.D. Williams, 2003: Modeling the atmospheric response to doubled CO2 and depleted stratospheric ozone using a stratosphere-resolving coupled GCM. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 129(589), 947-966.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Gillett, N.P., M. R. Allen, and K.D. Williams, 2002: The role of stratospheric resolution in simulating the Arctic Oscillation response to greenhouse gases. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, 1500-1503.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Gladyshev, S., S. Martin, R. Riser, et al., 2000: Dense water production on the northern Okhotsk shelves: Comparison of ship-based spring-summer observations for 1996 and 1997 with satellite observations. J. Geophys. Res. - Oceans, 105, 26281-26299.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Graf, H. -F., J. Perlwitz, I. Kirchner, and I. Schult, 1995: Recent northern winter climate trends, ozone changes and increased greenhouse forcing. Contr. Atm. Phys., 68, 233-248.

Grassi, B., G. Redaelli, and G. Visconti, 2005: Simulation of Polar Antarctic trends: Influence of tropical SST. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L23806, doi:10.1029/2005GL023804.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Grassi, B., G. Redaelli, and G. Visconti, 2006: A physical mechanism of the atmospheric response over Antarctica to decadal trends in tropical SST Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17814, doi:10.1029/2006GL026509.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Greatbatch, R. J., 2000: The North Atlantic Oscillation (review paper). Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 14(4-5), 213-242
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

H

Hadjinicolaou, P., A. Jrrar, J.A. Pyle, and L. Bishop, 2002: The dynamically driven long-term trend in stratospheric ozone over northern middle latitudes. Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 128, 1393-1412.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hall, A., Visbeck, M., 2002: Synchronous Variability in the Southern Hemisphere Atmosphere, Sea Ice, and Ocean Resulting from the Annular Mode. J. Clim., 15, 3043-3057.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hansen, B., W.R. Turrell, and S. Osterhus, 2001: Decreasing overflow from the Nordic seas into the Atlantic Ocean through the Faroe Bank channel since 1950. NATURE, 411, 927-930.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hansen, G., and M. P. Chipperfield, 1999: Ozone depletion at the edge of the Arctic polar vortex 1996/1997. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1837.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hansen, J., R. Ruedy, J. Glascoe, et al., 1999: GISS analysis of surface temperature change J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30997-31022. Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hansen J, Ruedy R, M. Sato, M. Imhoff, et al., 2001: A closer look at the United States and global surface temperature change. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23947-23963. Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hartmann, D.L., J.M. Wallace, V. Limpasuvan, D.W.J. Thompson, and J.R. Holton , 2000: Can Ozone Depletion and Greenhouse Warming Interact to Produce Rapid Climate Change? Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 97, 1412-1417.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hasselmann, K., 1999: Climate change - Linear and nonlinear signatures Nature, 398, 755-756.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hegerl, G.C., and J.M. Wallace, 2002: Influence of Patterns of Climate Variability on the Difference between Satellite and Surface Temperature Trends. J. Climate, 15, 2412-2428.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hegerl, G.C., P.D. Jones, and T.P. Barnett, 2001: Effect of observational sampling error on the detection of anthropogenic climate change. J. Climate, 14, 198-207.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Higgins, R.W., A. Leetmaa, Y. Xue, et al., 2000: Dominant Factors Influencing the Seasonal Predictability of U.S. Precipitation and Surface Air Temperature J. Climate, 13, 3994-4017.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hines, K., D. Bromwich, G. Marshall, 2000: Artificial Surface Pressure Trends in the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica J. Climate, 13, 3940-3952.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hoerling, M.P., J.W. Hurrell, and T. Xu, 2001: Tropical Origins for Recent North Atlantic Climate Change. Science, 292, 90-92.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hoerling, M.P. J.W. Hurrell, T. Xu, G.T. Bates, and A. Phillips, 2004: Twentieth Century North Atlantic Climate Change. Part II: Understanding the Effect of Indian Ocean Warming. Clim. Dyn., 23(3-4), pg371, DOI: 10.1007/s00382-004-0432-y
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Holland, M.M., 2003: The North Atlantic Oscillation-ARCTIC Oscillation in the CCSM2 and its Influence on Arctic Climate Variability. J. Climate, 16, 2767-2781.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Honda, M., K.Yamazaki, H. Nakamura , et al., 1999: Dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of atmospheric response to anomalous sea-ice extent in the Sea of Okhotsk J. Climate, 12, 3347-3358.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hu, Y., and K. K. Tung, 2002: Interannual and decadal variations of planetary-wave activity, stratospheric cooling, and Northern Hemisphere annular mode. J. Climate, 15, 1659-1673.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hu, Y., and K. K. Tung, 2003: Possible Ozone Induced Long-Term Change in Planetary Wave Activity During Late Winter. J. Climate, 16(18), 3027-3038.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Huang, H.P., K.M. Weickmann and C.J. Hsu, 2001: Trend in atmospheric angular momentum in a transient climate change simulation with greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing. J. Climate, 14, 1525-1534.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hurrell, J. W., 1995: Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation region temperatures and precipitation. Science, 269, 676-679.
Electronic Mversion of manuscript can be requested through this link.

Hurrell, J. W., 1996: Influence of variations in extratropical wintertime teleconnections on Northern Hemisphere temperature, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 665-668.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hurrell, J. W., and H. van Loon, 1997: Decadal variations in climate associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation. Climatic Change, 36, 301-326.
Electronic version of abstract available through this link.

Hurrell, J.W., M.P. Hoerling, A. Phillips, and T. Xu, 2004: Twentieth Century North Atlantic Climate Change. Part I: Assessing Determinism. Clim. Dyn., 23(3-4), pg371.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

I

J

Jadin, E.A., 2005: Ozone and Surface Air Temperature Changes. Russian Meteorology and Hydrology, 10, 64-73.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

James, P.M., D. Peters, and D.W Waugh, 2000: Very low ozone episodes due to polar vortex displacement. Tellus B, 52, 1123-1137.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Jeong, J.-H., and C.-H. Ho, 2005: Changes in occurrence of cold surges over east Asia in association with Arctic Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14704, doi:10.1029/2005GL023024.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Johannessen, O.M., et al, 2004: Arctic Climate Change: observed and modelled temperature and sea-ice variability. Tellus A, 56(4), 328-341.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Johnson, M.A., A.Y. Proshutinsky, I.V. Polyakov, 1999: Atmospheric patterns forcing two regimes of arctic circulation: A return to anticyclonic conditions? Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1621-1624.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Jones, P. D., T.J. Osborn and K.R. Briffa, 2001: The evolution of climate over the last Millenium. Science, 292, 662-667.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Josey, S.A., E.C. Kent, and B. Sinha, 2001: Can a state of the art atmospheric general circulation model reproduce recent NAO related variability at the air-sea interface? Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4543-4546.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Jungo, P., and M. Beniston, 2001: Changes in the anomalies of extreme temperature anomalies in the 20th century at Swiss climatological stations located at different latitudes and altitudes. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 69, 1-12.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

K

Keeley, S.P.E., N.P. Gillett, D.W.J. Thompson, S. Solomon, and P.M. Forster, 2007: Is Antarctic climate most sensitive to ozone depletion in the middle or lower stratosphere? Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L22812, doi:10.1029/2007GL031238.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kelly, P.M., P.D. Jones PD, P.Q. Jia PQ, 1999: Spatial patterns of variability in the global surface air temperature data set J. Geophys. Res., 104, 24237-24256.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kerr, R. A., 2002: Whither Arctic Ice? Less of it, For Sure. Science, 297, 1491.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kindem, I., and B. Christiansen, 2001: Tropospheric Response to Stratospheric Ozone Loss. Geophysical Res. Let., 28, 1547-1550.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kodera, K., and H. Koide, 1997: Spatial and seasonal characteristics of recent decadal trends in the northern hemispheric troposphere and stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 19433-19447.

Kodera, K., M. Sugi, R. Kawamura, and H. Koide,Characteristic features of recent abrupt changes in atmospheric circulation revealed by a general circulation model, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 76, 139-144, 1998.

Krichak, P.K., and P. Alpert, 2002: Decadal trends of main Eurasian oscillations and the Eastern Mediterranean precipitation. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 72, 209-220.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kryjov, V.N., 2002: The influence of the winter Arctic Oscillation on the northern Russia spring temperature. Int. J. Climatol., 7, 779-785
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kuroda, Y., and K. Kodera, 2002: Effect of solar activity on the polar-night oscillation in the northern and southern hemisphere winter. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 80, 973-984.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kushner, P.J., I.M. Held, and T.L. Delworth, 2001: Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation response to global warming. J. Climate, 14, 2238-2249.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kushnir, Y., V. J. Cardon, J. G. Greenwood, and M. A. Cane, 1997: The recent increase in North Atlantic wave heights. J. Climate, 10, 2107-2113.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kwok, R., 2000: Recent changes of the Arctic Ocean sea ice motion associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 775-778.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kwok, R., and J.C. Comiso, 2002: Spatial patterns of variability in Antarctic surface temperature: Connections to the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode and the Southern Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 10.1029/2002GL015415,2002.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

L

Lenton, A., and R. Matear, 2007: Role of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in Southern Ocean CO2 Uptake. Glob. Bio. Cycles, 21(GB2016), doi:10.1029/2006GB002714.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Leroy, S.S., G.R. North, 2000: The application of COSMIC data to global change research Terr. Atmos. Ocean Sci., 11, 187-210.

Levitus, S., J.I. Antonov, T.P. Boyer, et al., 2000: Warming of the world ocean Science, 287, 2225-2229.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Li, J., R. Yu, T. Zhou, B. Wang, 2005: Why is There an Early Spring Cooling Shift Downstream of the Tibetan Plateau? J. Climate, 18(22), 4660-4668
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Li, S., M.P. Hoerling, S. Peng, and K.M. Weickmann, 2006: The Annular Response to Tropical Pacific SST Forcing. J. Climate, 19, 1802-1819.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Lin, H., J. Derome, R.J. Greatbatch, K.A. Peterson and J. Lu, 2002: Tropical links of the Arctic Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(20), 1943, doi:10.1029/2002GL015822.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Liu, J., J.A. Curry, and D.G. Martinson, 2004: Interpretation of recent Antarctic sea ice variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L02205, doi:10.1029/2003GL018732.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Livingstone, D.M., and M.T. Dokulil, 2001: Eighty years of spatially coherent Austrian lake surface temperatures and their relationship to regional air temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Limnol. Oceanogr., 46. 1220-1227.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Lockwood, J.G., 2001: Abrupt and sudden climatic transitions and fluctuations: A review. Int. J. Climatol, 21, 1153-1179.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Lu, J., and R.J. Greatbatch, 2002: The changing relationship between the NAO and northern hemisphere climate variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1148-1151.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Luo, D., and T. Gong, 2006: A possible mechanism for the eastward shift of interannual NAO action centers in last three decades. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L24815, doi:10.1029/2006GL027860.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

M

MacDonald, G.M., A.A. Velichko, C.V. Kremenetski, et al., 2000: Holocene treeline history and climate change across northern Eurasia. Quaternary Res., 53, 302-311. Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Mao, J., and A. Robock, 1998: Surface air temperature simulations by AMIP general circulation models: Volcanic and ENSO signals and systematic errors. J. Climate, 11, 1538-1552.
Abstract available through this link.

Marshall, G.J., 2002: Trends in Antarctic geopotential height and temperature: A comparison between radiosonde and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data. J. Climate, 15, 659-674.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Marshall, G.J., 2003: Trends in the Southern Annular Mode from Observational and Reanalyses. J. Climate, 16, 4134.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Marshall, G.J., 2006: Short Communication Half-century Seasonal Relationships Between the Southern Annular Mode and Antarctic Temperatures. Int. J. Climatol., 27, 373-383.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Marshall, G.J., A. Orr, N.P.M. van Lipzig, and J.C. King, 2006: The Impact of a Changing Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode on Antarctic Peninsula Summer Temperatures. J. Climate, 19(20), 5388.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Marshall, G.J., P.A. Scott, J. Turner, W.M. Connolley, J.C. King, and T.A. Lachlan-Cope, 2004: Causes of exceptional atmospheric circulation changes in the Southern Hemisphere. Geophys. Res. Letts., 31, doi:10.1029/2004GL019952.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Marshall, J., Y. Kushner, D. Battisti, P. Chang, A. Czaja, et al., 2001: North Atlantic climate variability: Phenomena, impacts and mechanisms. Int. J. Climatol., 21, 1863-1898.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Martin, P., J.W. Hurrell and T. Xu, 2001: Tropical origins for Recent North Atlantic Climate Change. Science., 292, 90-92.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Martinson, D.G., and M.Steele 2001: Future of the Arctic sea ice cover: Implications of an Antarctic analog. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 307-310.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Maslanik, J.A., M.C. Serreze and R.G. Barry, 1996: Recent decreases in Arctic summer ice cover and linkages to atmospheric circulation anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1677-1680.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Maslowski, W., B. Newton, P. Schlosser, et al., 2000: Modeling recent climate variability in the Arctic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3743-3746.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Maugeri, M., Z. Bagnati, M. Brunetti,and T. Nanni, 2001: Trends in Italian total cloud amount, 1951-1996. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4551-4554.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

McCabe, G.J., M.P. Clark and M.C. Sereze, 2001: Trends in Northern Hemisphere surface cyclone frequency and intensity. J. Climate, 14, 2763-2768.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

McPhee, M. G., T. P. Stanton, J. H. Morison, and D. G. Martinson, 1998: Freshening of the upper ocean in the Arctic: Is perennial sea ice disappearing? Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1729-1932.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

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