Annular Modes - Atmosphere-ocean interaction

Annular Modes Website
Site maintained by:
Jillian L'Ecuyer
(jillian@atmos.colostate.edu)
and
David W. J. Thompson
(davet@atmos.colostate.edu).
(Last updated: June 9th, 2008)

Research papers: Atmosphere-ocean interaction
Papers pertaining to the relationship between the annular modes and the ocean

(Please send all additions to the following list to David W. J. Thompson davet@atmos.colostate.edu)

Bates, N.R., 2001: Interannual variability of oceanic CO2 and biogeochemical properties in the Western North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Deep-sea Res. Pt. II-Top. St. Oce., 48, 1507-1528.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Bauer, E., 2001: Interannual changes of the ocean wave variability in the North Atlantic and in the North Sea. Climate Res., 18, 63-69.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Bersch, M., 2002: North Atlantic Oscillation-induced changes of the upper layer circulation in the northern North Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 3156.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Bojariu, R., and G. Reverdin, 2002: Large-scale variability modes of freshwater flux and precipitation over the Atlantic. Clim. Dynam., 18, 369-381.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Bresch, D.N., H.C. Davies, 2000: Covariation of the mid-tropospheric flow and the sea surface temperature of the North Atlantic: A statistical analysis Theor. Appl. Climat., 65, 197-214.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Cai, W., 2006: Antarctic ozone depletion causes in intensification of the Southern Ocean super-gyre circulation. Geophys. Res. Letts., 33, L03712, doi:10.1029/2005GL024911.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Cai, W., and P.H. Whetton, 2001: Modes of SST variability and the fluctuation of global mean temperature. Clim. Dynam., 17, 889-901.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Cai, W., G. Shi, T. Cowan, D. Bi, and J. Ribbe, 2005: he response of the Southern Annular Mode, the East Australian Current, and the southern mid-latitude ocean circulation to global warming. Geophys. Res. Letts., 32, L23706, doi:10.1029/2005GL024701.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Cassou, C., and L. Terray, 2001: Oceanis forcing of the wintertime low-frequency atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic European sector: A study with the ARPEGE model. J. Climate, 14(22), 4266-4291.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Cazenave, A., C. Cabanes, K. Dominh, and S. Mangiarotti, 2001: Recent sea level change in the Mediterranean sea revealed by Topex/Poseidon satellite altimetry. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1607-1610.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Chaboureau, J.-P., and C. Claud, 2003: Observed variability of North Atlantic oceanic precipitating systems during winter. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D14), 4435, doi:10.1029/2002JD003343.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Christoph, M., U. Ulbrich, J.M. Oberhuber, and E. Roeckner, 2000: The Role of Ocean Dynamics for Low-Frequency Fluctuations of the NAO in a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere GCM J. Climate, 13, 2536-2549.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Ciasto, L.M., and D.W.J. Thompson, 2008: Observations of large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Climate, 21(6), 1244-1259.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Cooper, C., and C. Gordon, 2002: North Atlantic oceanic decadal variability in the Hadley Centre coupled model. J. Climate, 15, 45-72.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Curry, R.G., and M.S. McCartney, 2001: Ocean gyre circulation changes associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 3374-3400.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Czaja, A., and C. Frankignoul, 2002: Observed impact of Atlantic SST anomalies on the North Atlantic oscillation. J. Climate, 15, 606-623.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Czaja, A., and J. Marshall, 2001: Observations of atmosphere-ocean coupling in the North Atlantic. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 1893-1916.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Delworth, D., and K. W. Dixon, 2000: Implications of the recent trend in the Arctic/North Atlantic Oscillation for the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. J. Climate, 13(21), 3721-3727
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Dewar, W.K., 2001: On ocean dynamics in midlatitude climate. J. Climate, 14(23), 4380-4397.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Dickson B, Yashayaev I, Meincke J, et al., 2002: Rapid freshening of the deep North Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades NATURE, 416, 832-837.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Dickson, R. R., et al., 2000: The Arctic Ocean Response to the North Atlantic Oscillation. J. Climate, 13, 2671-2696.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Dima, M., N. Rimbu, and I. Dima, 2002: Arctic Oscillation variability generated through inter-ocean interactions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, art. no. 1677, doi:doi:10.1029/2002GL014717.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Dong, B.W., and R.T. Sutton, 2001: The dominant mechanisms of variability in Atlantic ocean heat transport in a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2445-2448.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Eden, C., and T. Jung, 2001: North Atlantic interdecadal variability: Oceanic response to the North Atlantic oscillation (1865-1997). J. Climate, 14, 676-691.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Eden, C., R.J. Greatbatch and J. Lu, 2002: Prospects for decadal prediction of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(10), doi.10.1029/2001GL014069.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Efthymiadis, D., F. Hernandez, and P.Y. Traon, 2002: Large-scale sea-level variations and associated atmospheric forcing in the sub-tropical northeast Atlantic Ocean. Deep-sea Res. Pt. II - Top. St. Oce., 49, 3957-3981.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Enfield, D. B., and A. M. Mestas-Nunez, 1999: Multiscale Variabilities in Global Sea Surface Temperatures and Their Relationships with Tropospheric Climate Patterns J. Climate, 12, 2719-2733.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Esselborn, S., and C. Eden, 2001: Sea surface height changes in the North Atlantic Ocean related to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3473-3476.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Feddersen, H., 2003: Impact of tropical SST variations on the linear predictability of the atmospheric circulation in the Atlantic/European region. Ann. Geophys., 46(1), 109-124
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Follows, M., and S. Dutkiewicz, 2002: Meteorological modulation of the North Atlantic spring bloom. Seep-Sea Res. Pt. II-Top. St. Oce., 49, 321-344.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Frankignoul, C., G. de Coetlogon, T.M. Joyce, and S.F. Dong, 2001: Gulf stream variability and ocean-atmosphere interactions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 3516-3529.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Fratantoni, D.M., 2001: North Atlantic surface circulation during the 1990's observed with satellite-tracked drifters. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 22067-22093.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Furevik, T., 2000: On anomalous sea surface temperatures in the Nordic Seas. J. Climate, 13, 1044-1053.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Furevik, T., 2001: Annual and interannual variability of Atlantic Water temperatures in the Norwegian and Barents Seas: 1980-1996. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 48, 383-404.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Fyfe, J.C., 2006: Southern Ocean Warming Due to Human Influence. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19701, doi:10.1029/2006GL027247.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Gallego, B., and P. Cessi, 2001: Decadal variability of two oceans and an atmosphere. J. Climate, 14, 2815-2832.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Gille, S.T., 2002: Warming of the Southern Ocean Since the 1950s. SCIENCE, 295, 1275-1277.
Electronic version of article available through this link.

Gordon, A.L., M. Visbeck, and J.C. Comiso, 2007: A possible link between the Weddell Polynya and the Southern Annular Mode. J. Climate, 20, 2558.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Grassi, B., G. Redaelli, and G. Visconti, 2005: Simulation of Polar Antarctic trends: Influence of tropical SST. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L23806, doi:10.1029/2005GL023804.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Grassi, B., G. Redaelli, and G. Visconti, 2006: A physical mechanism of the atmospheric response over Antarctica to decadal trends in tropical SST Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17814, doi:10.1029/2006GL026509.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Greatbatch, R. J., 2000: The North Atlantic Oscillation (review paper). Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 14(4-5), 213-242
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Grey, S., K. Haines, and A. Troccoli, 2000: A Study of Temperature Changes in the Upper North Atlantic: 195 0-94. J. Climate, 13, 2697-2711.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hakkinen, S., 2000: Decadal Air-Sea Interaction in the North Atlantic Based on Observations and Modeling Results J. Climate, 13, 1195-1219.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hansen, B., W.R. Turrell, and S. Osterhus, 2001: Decreasing overflow from the Nordic seas into the Atlantic Ocean through the Faroe Bank channel since 1950. NATURE, 411, 927-930.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hoerling, M.P., J.W. Hurrell, and T. Xu, 2001: Tropical Origins for Recent North Atlantic Climate Change. Science, 292, 90-92.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hoerling, M.P. J.W. Hurrell, T. Xu, G.T. Bates, and A. Phillips, 2004: Twentieth Century North Atlantic Climate Change. Part II: Understanding the Effect of Indian Ocean Warming. Clim. Dyn., 23(3-4), pg371, DOI: 10.1007/s00382-004-0432-y
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Holland, M.M., C.M. Bitz, M. Eby, and A.J. Weaver, 2001: The role of ice-ocean interactions in the variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. J. Climate, 14, 656-675.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Honda, M., K. Yamazaki, H. Nakamura, et al., 1999: Dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of atmospheric response to anomalous sea-ice extent in the Sea of Okhotsk J. Climate, 12, 3347-3358.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hughes, C.W., P.L. Woodworth, M.P. Meredith, V. Spepanov, T. Whitworth, A.R. Pyne, 2003: Coherence of Antarctic sea levels, Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode, and flow through Drake Passage. Geophys. Res. Lett., in press.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Hurrell, J. W., 1995: Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation region temperatures and precipitation. Science, 269, 676-679.
Electronic Mversion of manuscript can be requested through this link.

Hurrell, J. W., and H. van Loon, 1997: Decadal variations in climate associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation. Climatic Change, 36, 301-326.
Electronic version of abstract available through this link.

Hurrell, J.W., M.P. Hoerling, A. Phillips, and T. Xu, 2004: Twentieth Century North Atlantic Climate Change. Part I: Assessing Determinism. Clim. Dyn., 23(3-4), pg371.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Josey, S.A., E.C. Kent, and B. Sinha, 2001: Can a state of the art atmospheric general circulation model reproduce recent NAO related variability at the air-sea interface? Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4543-4546.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Joyce, T. M., C. Deser, and M. Spall, 2000: The Relation between Decadal Variability of Subtropical Mode Water and the North Atlantic Oscillation J. Climate, 13, 2550-2569.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Khatiwala, S., P. Schlosser, and M. Visbeck, 2002: Rates and mechanisms of water mass transformation in the Labrador Sea as inferred from tracer observations. J. Phys. Oceanogr, 32, 666-686.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Krahmann, G., M. Visbeck, and G. Reverdin, 2001: Formation and propagation of temperature anomalies along the North Atlantic Current. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 1287-1303.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kushnir, Y., V. J. Cardon, J. G. Greenwood, and M. A. Cane, 1997: The recent increase in North Atlantic wave heights. J. Climate, 10, 2107-2113.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Kwok, R., D.A. Rothrock, 1999: Variability of Fram Strait ice flux and North Atlantic Oscillation J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5177-5189.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Lefebvre, W., and H. Goosse, 2005: Influence of the Southern Annular Mode on the sea ice-ocean system: the role of the thermal and mechanical forcing. Ocean Sci. Disc., 2, 299-329.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Lenton, A., and R. Matear, 2007: Role of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in Southern Ocean CO2 Uptake. Glob. Bio. Cycles, 21(GB2016), doi:10.1029/2006GB002714.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Li, S., M.P. Hoerling, S. Peng, and K.M. Weickmann, 2006: The Annular Response to Tropical Pacific SST Forcing. J. Climate, 19, 1802-1819.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Lin, H., and J. Derome, 2003: The atmospheric response to North Atlantic SST anomalies in seasonal prediction experiments. Tellus, 55(3), 193-207.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Lin, H., J. Derome, R.J. Greatbatch, K.A. Peterson and J. Lu, 2002: Tropical links of the Arctic Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(20), 1943, doi:10.1029/2002GL015822.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Liu, J., J.A. Curry, and D.G. Martinson, 2004: Interpretation of recent Antarctic sea ice variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L02205, doi:10.1029/2003GL018732.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Los, S.O., G.J. Collatz, L. Bounoua, P.J. Sellers, and C.J. Tucker, 2001: Global interannual variations in sea surface temperature and land surface vegetation, air temperature, and precipitation. J. Climate, 14, 1535-1549.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Lovenduski, N.S., and N. Gruber, 2005: The impact of the Southern Annular Mode on Southern Ocean circulation and biology. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L11603, doi:10.1029/2005GL022727.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Lovenduski, N.S., N. Gruber, S.C. Doney, and I.D. Lima, 2007: Enhanced CO2 outgassing in the Southern Ocean from a positive phase of the Southern Annualr Mode. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, GB2026, doi:10.1029/2006GB002900.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Lu, J., and R.J. Greatbatch, 2002: The changing relationship between the NAO and northern hemisphere climate variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1148-1151.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Luo, J.J., and T. Yamagata, 2002: Four decadal ocean-atmosphere modes in the North Pacific revealed by various analysis methods. J. Oceanogr., 58, 861-876.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Marsh, R., 2000: Recent Variability of the North Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation Inferred from Surface Heat and Freshwater Fluxes J. Climate, 13, 3239-3260.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Marshall, J., H. Johnson, and J. Goodman, 2001: A study of the interaction of the North Atlantic oscillation with ocean circulation. J. Climate, 14, 1399-1421.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Marshall, J., and Kushnir, Y., 1997: "A white paper on Atlantic Climate Variability."
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Martin, P., J.W. Hurrell and T. Xu, 2001: Tropical origins for Recent North Atlantic Climate Change. Science., 292, 90-92.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

McLaren, A.J., and R.G. Williams, 2001: Interannual variability in the thermodynamics of subduction over the North Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr, 31, 3284-3294.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Meredith, M., K. Heywood, P. Dennis, L. Goldson, R. White, E. Fahrbach, U. Schauer, and S. Osterhus, 2001: Freshwater fluxes through the western Fram Strait. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1615-1618.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Meredith, M.P., and A.M. Hogg, 2006: Circumpolar response of Southern Ocean eddy activity to a change in the Southern Annular Mode. Geophys. Res. Letts., 33, L16608, doi:10.1029/2006GL026499.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Meredith, M.P., and C.W. Hughes, 2004: On the wind forcing of bottom pressure variability at Amsterdam and Kerguelen Islands, southern Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 109(C3), C03012, doi:10.1029/2003JC002060.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Meredith, M.P., P.L. Woodworth, C.W. Hughes, and V. Stepanov, 2004: Changes in the ocean transport through Drake Passage during the 1980s and 1990s, forced by changes in the Southern Annular Mode. Geophys. Res. Letts., 31(21), L21305, doi:10.1029/2004GL021169.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Mikalsen, G., H.P. Sejrup, and I. Aarseth, 2001: Late-Holocene changes in ocean circulation and climate: foraminiferal and isotopic evidence from Sulafjord, western Norway. HOLOCENE, 11, 437-446.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Miller, A.j., and N. Schneider, 2000: Interdecadal climate regine dynamics in the North Pacific Ocean: theories, observations and ecosystem impacts. Paleo. Oceanogr., 47, 355-379.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Mo, K.C., 2000: Relationships between Low-Frequency Variability in the Southern Hemisphere and Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies J. Climate, 13, 3599-3610.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Mo, K.C., and S. Hakkinen, 2001: Decadal variations in the tropical South Atlantic and linkages to the Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2065-2068.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Mo, K.C. and S. Hakkinen, 2001: Interannual variability in the tropical Atlantic and linkages to the Pacific. J. Climate, 14, 2740-2762.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Moron, V., A. Navarra, M.N. Ward, C.K. Folland, P. Friederichs, K. Maynard, and J. Polcher, 2001: Analysing and combining atmospheric general circulation model simulations forced by prescribed SST: northern extratropical response. Ann. Geofis., 44, 781-794.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Ogi, M., and J.M. Wallace, 2007: Summer minimum Arctic sea ice extent and the associated summer atmospheric circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L12705, doi:10.1029/2007GL029897.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Oke, P.R., and H. England, 2004: On the oceanic response to changes in the latitude of the Southern Hemisphere subpolar westerly winds. J. Climate, 17(5), 1040-1054.
Electronic version of abstract available through this link.

Osborn, T.J., K.R. Briffa, S.F.B. Tett, et al., 1999: Evaluation of the North Atlantic Oscillation as simulated by a coupled climate model Clim. Dyn., 15, 685-702.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Ostermeier, G.M., and J.M. Wallace, 2003: Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation/Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode during the Twentieth-Century. J. Climate, 16, 336-341.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Partington, K., T. Flynn, D. Lamb, C. Bertoia, and K. Dedrick, 2003: Late twentieth century Northern Hemisphere sea-ice record from U.S. National Ice Center ice charts. J. Geophys. Res., 108(C11), 3343, doi:10.1029/2002JC001623.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Peng, P.T., A. Kumar, A.G. Barnston, et al., 2000: Simulation skills of the SST-forced global climate variability of the NCEP-MRF9 and the Scripps-MPI ECHAM3 models. J. Climate, 13, 3657-3679.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Peterson, K.A., R.J. Greatbatch, H. Lin, J. Derome and J. Lu, 2002. Hindcasting the NAO using diabatic forcing of a simple AGCM. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1336-1340, doi:10.1029/2001GL014502.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Pickart, R.S., D.J. Torres, and R.A. Clarke, 2002: Hydrography of the Labrador Sea during active convection. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 428-457.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Prater, M.D., 2002: Eddies in the Labrador Sea as observed by profiling RAFOS floats and remote sensing. J. Phys. OCeanogr., 32, 411-427.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Primeau, F., and P. Cessi, 2001: Coupling between wind-driven currents and midlatitude storm tracks. J. Climate, 14, 1243-1261.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Pryor, S.C., and R.J. Barthelmie, 2003: Long term variability of flow over the Baltic. Int. J. Climatol., 23, 271-289.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Raible, C.C., U. Luksch, K. Fraedrich, and R. Voss, 2001: North Atlantic decadal regimes in a coupled GCM simulation. Clim. Dynam., 18, 321-330.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Rhein, M., J. Fischer, W.M. Smethie, D. Smythe-Wright, R.F. Weiss, C. Mertens, D.H. Min, U. Fleischmann, and A. Putzka, 2002: Labrador Sea Water: Pathways, CFC inventory, and formation rates. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 648-665.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Rind, D., G. Russell, G. Schmidt, S. Sheth, D. Collins, P. deMenocal, and J. Teller, 2001: Effects of glacial meltwater in the GISS coupled atmosphere-ocean model - 2. A bipolar seesaw in Atlantic Deep Water production. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27355-27365.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Robertson, A.W., 2001: Influence of Ocean-atmosphere interaction on the arctic oscillation in two general circulation models. J. Climate, 14, 3240-3254.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Robertson, A.W., C.R. Mechoso, Y.J. Kim, 2000: The influence of Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies on the North Atlantic Oscillation J. Climate, 13, 122-138.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Robertson, R., M. Visbeck, A.L. Gordon, and E. Fahrbach, 2002: Long-term temperature trends in the deep waters of the Weddell Sea. Deep-sea Res. Pt. II - Top. St. Oce., 49, 4791-4806.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Rodwell, M. J., D. P. Rowell, and C. K. Folland, 1999: Oceanic forcing of the wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation and European climate. Nature, 398, 320-323.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Rosenheim, B.E., P.K. Stewart, S.R. Thorrold, A. Eisenhauer, and P. Willenz, 2005: Salinity change in the subtropical Atlantic: Secular increase and teleconnections to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02603, doi:10.1029/2004GL021499.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Saloranta, T.M., and P.M. Haugan, 2001: Interannual variability in the hydrography of Atlantic water northwest of Svalbard. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 13931-13943.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Sallee, J.B., K. Speer, and R.M. Morrow, 2008: Response of the Antarctic Circum Polar Current to Atmospheric Variability. J. Climate, submitted.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Sathiyamoorthy, S., and G.W.K. Moore, 2002: Buoyancy flux at Ocean Weather Station Bravo. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 458-474.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Saunders, M.A., and B. Qian, 2002: Seasonal Predictability of the Winter NAO from North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures. Geophys. Res. Letts., 29(22), 2049, doi:10.1029/2002GL014952.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Schneider, E.K., L. Bengtsson, Z.Z. Hu, 2003: Forcing of Northern Hemisphere climate trends. J. Atmos. Sci., 60(12), 1504-1521.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Seager, R., Y. Kushnir, M. Visbeck, N. Naik, J, Miller, G. Krahmann, and H. Cullen, 2000: Causes of Atlantic Ocean climate variability between 1958 and 1998. Journal of Climate, 13, 2845-2862.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Sen Gupta, A., and M.H. England, 2006: Coupled ocean-atmosphere-ice response to variations in the Southern Annular Mode. J. Climate, in press.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Skeie, P., 2000: Meridional flow variability over the Nordic seas in the Arctic Oscillation framework. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2569-2572.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Straus, D.M., and J. Shukla, 2000: Distinguishing between the SST-forced variability and internal variability in mid latitudes: Analysis of observations and GCM simulations. Quart. J. Roy. Mereorol. Soc., 126, 2323-2350.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Taylor, A.H., and A. Gangopadhyay, 2001: A simple model of interannual displacements of the Gulf Stream. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 13849-13860.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Terray, L., and C. Cassou, 2002: Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature forcing of quasi-decadal climate variability over the North Atlantic-European region. J. Climate, 15, 3170-3187.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Timmermann, A., M. Latif, R. Voss, and A. Grotzner, 1998: Northern Hemispheric Interdecadal Variability: A coupled Air-Sea Mode. J. Climate, 11, 1906-1931.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Venegas, S.A., and M.R. Drinkwater, 2001: Sea ice, atmosphere and upper ocean variability in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. - Oceans, 106, 16747-16765.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Verdy, A., J. Marshall, and A. Czaja, 2005: Sea Surface Temperature Variability Along the Path of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. J. Phys. Ocean., 36, 1317-1331.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Visbeck, M., H. Cullen, G. Krahmann, N. Naik, 1998: An ocean model's response to North Atlantic Oscillation like wind forcing.Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 4521-4524.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Walsh, J.E., D.H. Portis, 1999: Variations of precipitation and evaporation over the North Atlantic Ocean, 1958-1997. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16613-16631.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Wang, X.L.L., and V.R. Swail, 2001: Changes of extreme wave heights in Northern Hemisphere oceans and related atmospheric circulation regimes. J. Climate, 14, 2204-2221.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Watterson, I.G., 2000: Southern Midlatitude Zonal Wind Vacillation and its Interaction with the Ocean in GCM Simulations. J. Climate, 13, 562.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Watterson, I.G., 2001: Zonal wind vacillation and its interaction with the ocean: Implications for interannual variability and predictability. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23965-23975.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

Wu, L.X., and Z.Y. Liu, 2002: Is Tropical Atlantic Variability driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation? Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, art. no. 1653.
Electronic version of manuscript available through this link.

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