Annular modes website: All Papers 
Contains all papers listed on this site

A

Aanes, R., B.-E. Saether, F.M. Smith, E.J. Cooper, P.A. Wookey, and N.A. Oritsland, 2002: The Arctic Oscillation predicts effects of climate change in two trophic levels in a high-arctic ecosystem. Ecology Letts., 5, 445-453.
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Abarca del Rio, R., D. Gambis, and D.A. Salstein, 2000: Interannual signals in length of day and atmospheric angular momentum Ann. Geophys., Union 18, 347-364.
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Adams, J. M., N. A. Bond, and J. E. Overland, 2000: Regional Variability of the Arctic Heat Budget in Fall and Winter J. Climate, 13, 3500-3510.
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Ahas, R., A. Aasa, A. Menzel, V.G. Fedotova, and H. Scheifinger, 2002: Changes in European spring phenology. Int. J. Climatol., 22, 1727-1738.
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Allen, M.R., and W.J. Ingram, 2002: Constraints on future changes in climate and the hydrologic cycle. NATURE, 419, 224-+.
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Ambaum, M.H.P., and B.J. Hoskins, 2002: The NAO troposphere-stratosphere connection. Journal of Climate, 15, 1969-1978.
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Ambaum, M. H. P., B. J. Hoskins, and D. B. Stephenson, 2001: Arctic Oscillation or North Atlantic Oscillation? J. Climate, 14, 3495-3507.
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Anderson, L.G., and S. Kaltin, 2001: Carbon fluxes in the Arctic Ocean - potential impact by climate change. Polar Res., 20(2), 225-232.
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Andersson, H.C., 2002: Influence of long-term regional and large-scale atmospheric circulation on the Baltic sea level. Tellus A - Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanog., 54, 76-88.
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Andrews, J.T., G. Helgadottir, A. Geirsdottir, and A.E. Jennings, 2001: Multicentury-scale records of carbonate (hydrographic ?) variability on the northern Iceland margin over the last 5000 years. Quarternary Res., 56, 199-206.
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Angell, J.K., 2001: Relation of size and displacement of the 300 mbar north circumpolar vortex to QBO, El Nino, and sunspot number, 1963-2000. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 31787-31794.
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Anneville, O., S. Souissi, F. Ibanez, V. Ginot, J.C. Druart, and N. Angeli, 2002: Temporal mapping of phytoplankton assemblages in Lake Geneva: Annual and interannual changes in their patterns of succession. Limnol. Oceanogr., 47, 1355-1366.
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Aoki, S., 2002: Coherent sea level response to the Antarctic Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(20), 1950, doi:10.1029/2002GL015733.
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Aoyama, Y., and I. Naito, 2001: Atmospheric excitation of the Chandler wobble, 1983-1998. J. Geophys. Res. - Solid Earth, 106, 8941-8954.
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Appenzeller C., T.F. Stocker, and M. Anklin, 1998: North Atlantic oscillation dynamics recorded in Greenland ice cores. Science, 282, 446-449.
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Appenzeller, C., J. Schwander, S. Sommer, and T. F. Stocker, 1998: The North Atlantic oscillation and its imprint on precipitation and ice accumulation in Greenland. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1939-1942.
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Appenzeller, C., A.K. Weiss, and J. Staehelin 2000: North Atlantic oscillation modulates total ozone winter trends Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1131-1134.
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Arblaster, J.M., and G.A. Meehl, 2006: Contributions of external forcings to Southern Annular Mode trends. J. Climate, 19(12), 2896-2905 .
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Arfeuille G., L.A. Mysak, and L.B. Tremblay, 2000: Simulation of the interannual variability of the wind-driven Arctic sea-ice cover during 1958-1998 Clim. Dyn., 16, 107-121.
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Armstrong, A.E., L.B. Tremblay, and L.A. Mysak, 2003: A data-model intercomparison study of Arctic sea-ice variability. Clim. Dyn. 20(5), 465-476.
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Austin, W.E.N., and M.E. Inall, 2002: Deep-water renewal in a Scottish fjord: temperature, salinity and oxygen isotopes. Polar Res., 21, 251-257.
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B

Baldwin, M. P., 2001: Annular Modes in Global Daily Surface Pressure. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4115-4118
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Baldwin, M. P., D.B. Stephenson, D.W.J. Thompson, T.J. Dunkerton, A.J. Charlton, and A. O'Neill, 2003: Stratospheric memory and extended-range weather forecasts. Science, 301, 636-640.
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Baldwin, M. P., L.J. Gray, T.J. Dunkerton, et al., 2001: The quasi-biennial oscillation. Rev. Geophys., 39, 179-229
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Baldwin, M. P., and T. J. Dunkerton, 1999: Propagation of the Arctic Oscillation from the stratosphere to the troposphere. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30 937-30 946.
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Baldwin, M.P., and T.J. Dunkerton, 2001: Stratospheric Harbingers of Anomalous Weather Regimes. Science, 294, 581-584.
Electronic version of this paper available here.

Bales, R.C., E. Mosley-Thompson, and J.R. McConnell, 2001: Variability of accumulation in northwest Greenland over the past 250 years. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2679-2682.
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Bals-Elsholz, T.M., E.H. Atallah, L.F. Bosart, T.A. Wasula, M.J. Cempa, and A.R. Lupo, 2001: The wintertime Southern Hemisphere split jet: Structure, variability, and evolution. J. Climate, 14, 4191-4215.
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Bamzai, A.S., 2003: Relationship between snow cover variability and Arctic oscillation index on a hierarchy of time scales. Int. J. Clim., 23(2), 131-142.
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Barber, R.T., A.K. Hilting, and M.L. Hayes, 2001: The changing health of coral reefs. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assessment, 7, 1255-1270.
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Barlow, L.K., 2001: The time period AD 1400-1980 in central Greenland ice cores in relation to the North Atlantic sector. Climatic Change, 48, 101-119.
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Barlow, L.K., J. D. Rogers, M.C. Serreze, and R.G Barry, 1997: Aspects of climate variability in the North Atlantic sector: discussion and relation to the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 high-resolution isotopic signal. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26333-26344.
Electronic version of abstract available through this link.

Bates, N.R., 2001: Interannual variability of oceanic CO2 and biogeochemical properties in the Western North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Deep-sea Res. Pt. II-Top. St. Oce., 48, 1507-1528.
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Bates, N.R., 2002: Interannual variability in the global uptake of CO2. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, art. no. 1059.
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Bauer, E., 2001: Interannual changes of the ocean wave variability in the North Atlantic and in the North Sea. Climate Res., 18, 63-69.
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Becker, E., and G. Schmitz, 2001: Interaction between extratropical stationary waves and the zonal mean circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 58(5), 462-480.
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Bekoryukov, V.I., I.V. Bugaeva, V.N. Glazkov, E.A. Zhadin, B.M. Kiryushov, D.A. Tarasenko, and V.V. Fedorov, 2001: Interrelation of variations in the total ozone content in the extratropical latitudes of the northern hemisphere with the parameters of a stratospheric circumpolar cyclone. Izv. Atmos. Ocean Phys., 37, 757-763.
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Belgrano, A., 2002: Where is the climate? Trend. Ecol. Evolut., 17, 13-14.
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Ben-Gai, T., A. Bitan, A. Manes, P. Alpert, and Y. Kushnir, 2001: Temperature and surface pressure anomalies in Israel and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 69, 171-177.
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Beniston, M., and P. Jungo, 2002: Shifts in the distributions of pressure, temperature and moisture and changes in the typical weather patterns in the Alpine region in response to the behavior of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 71, 29-42.
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Berger, W.H., and U. von Rad, 2002: Decadal to millennial cyclicity in varves and turbidites from the Arabian Sea: hypothesis of tidal origin. Global Planet Change, 34, 313-325.
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Bersch, M., 2002: North Atlantic Oscillation-induced changes of the upper layer circulation in the northern North Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 3156.
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Bitz, C.M., M.M. Holland, A.J. Weaver, and M. Eby, 2001: Simulating the ice-thickness distribution in a coupled climate model. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 2441-2463.
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Black, R. X., 2002: Stratospheric forcing of surface climate in the Arctic Oscillation. J. Climate, 15, 268-277.
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Black, R.X., and B.A. McDaniel, 2004: Diagnostic Case Studies of the Northern Annular Mode. J. Climate, 17(20), 3990-4004.
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Blomqvist, S., N. Holmgren, S. Akesson, A. Hedenstrom, and J. Pettersson, 2002: Indirect effects of lemming cycles on sandpiper dynamics: 50 years of counts from southern Sweden. OECOLOGIA, 133, 146-158.
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Boberg, F., and H. Lundstedt, 2002: Solar wind variations related to fluctuations of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1718-1721.
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Boer, G.J., S. Fourest, and B. Yu, 2001: The signature of the annular modes in the moisture budget. J. Climate, 14, 3655-3665.
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Bojariu, R., and G. Reverdin, 2002: Large-scale variability modes of freshwater flux and precipitation over the Atlantic. Clim. Dynam., 18, 369-381.
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Bojariu, R., and L. Gimeno, 2003: The role of snow cover fluctuations in multiannual NAO persistence. Geophys. Res. Letts., 30(4), doi:10.1029/2002GL015651.
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Bojariu, R., and L. Gimeno, 2003: Predictability and numerical modelling of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Earth Sci. Rev., 63(1-2), 145-168.
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Bonsal, B.R., and T.D. Prowse, 2003: Trends and variability in spring and autumn 0 degrees C isotherm dates over Canada. Climatic Change, 57(3), 341-358.
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Bordi, I., and A. Sutera, 2001: Fifty years of precipitation: Some spatially remote teleconnnections. Water Resour. Manag., 15, 247-280.
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Borja, A., A. Uriarte, and J. Egana, 2002: Environmental factors and recruitment of mackerel, Scomber scombrus L. 1758, along the north-east Atlantic coasts of Europe. Fisheries Oceanogr., 11, 116-127.
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Box, J.E., 2002: Survey of Greenland instrumental temperature records: 1873-2001. Int. J. Climatol, 22, 1829-1847.
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Brabson, B.B., and J.P. Palutikof, 2002: The evolution of extreme temperatures in the Central England temperature record. Geophys. Res. Letts., 29(24), doi:10.1029/2002GL015964.
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Bradbury, J.A., B.D. Keim, and C.P. Wake, 2002: U.S. East Coast trough indices at 500 hPa and New England winter climate variability. J. Climate, 15, 3509-3517.
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Bradbury, J.A., S.L. Dingman, and B.D. Keim, 2002: New England drought and relations with large scale atmospheric circulation patterns. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.< 38, 1287-1299.
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Bradley, D.C., and S.J. Ormerod, 2001: Community persistence among stream invertebrates tracks the North Atlantic Oscillation. J. Anim. Ecol., 70, 987-996.
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Brandefelt, J. and E. Kallen, 2004: The response of the Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation to an Enhanced Greenhouse Gas Forcing. J. Climate, 17(22), 4425-4442.
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Bresch, D.N., and H.C. Davies, 2000: Covariation of the mid-tropospheric flow and the sea surface temperature of the North Atlantic: A statistical analysis Theor. Appl. Climat., 65, 197-214.
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Branstator, G., 2002: Circumglobal Teleconnections, the Jetstream Waveguide, and the North Atlantic Oscillation. J. Climate, 15, 1983-1910.
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Broccoli, A.J., T.L. Delworth, and N.C. Lau, 2001: The effect of changes in observational coverage on the association between surface temperature and the Arctic oscillation.J. Climate, 14, 2481-2485
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Brodeur, R.D., C.E. Mills, J.E. Overland, et al., 1999: Evidence for a substantial increase in gelatinous zooplankton in the Bering Sea, with possible links to climate change Fish. Oceanogr., 8, 296-306.
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Bronnimann, S., J. Luterbacher, C. Schmutz, H. Wanner, and J. Staehelin, 2000: Variability of total ozone at Arosa, Switzerland, since 1931 related to atmospheric circulation indices Geophys. Res. Lett, 27, 2213-2216.
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Brunetti, M., M. Colacino, M. Maugeri, and T. Nanni, 2001: Trends in the daily intensity of precipitation in Italy from 1951 to 1996. Int. J. Climatol., 21, 299-316.
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Brunner, D., J. Staehelin, D. Jeker, H. Wernli, and U. Schumann, 2001: Nitrogen oxides and ozone in the tropopause region of the Northern Hemisphere: Measurements from commercial aircraft in 1995/1996 and 1997. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27673-27699.
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Burnett, A.W., and A.R. McNicoll, 2000: Interannual Variations in the Southern Hemisphere Winter Circumpolar Vortex: Relationships with the Semiannual Oscillation J. Climate, 13, 991-999.
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Busuioc, A., D.L. Chen, and C. Hellstrom, 2001: Temporal and spatial variability of precipitation in Sweden and its link with the large-scale atmospheric circulation. Tellus A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanog., 53, 348-367.
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Butchart, N., et al., 2000: The Response of the Stratospheric Climate to Projected Changes in the Concentrations of Well-Mixed Greenhouse Gases from 1992 to 2051. J. Climate, 13, 2142-2159.
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Butler, A.H., D.W.J. Thompson and K.R. Gurney, 2007: Observed Relationships between the Southern Annular Mode and Atmpospheric Carbon Dioxide. Glob. Bio. Cycles, 21, GB4014, doi:10.1029/2006GB002796.
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C

Cai, M., and R.-C. Ren, 2006: 40-70 day meridional propagation of global circulation anomalies. Geophys. Res. Letts., 33, L06818, doi:10.1029/2005GL025024.
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Cai, W., 2003: Potential vorticity intrusion index and climate variability of surface temperature. Geophys. Res. Letts., 30(3), 1119, doi:12.1029/2002GL015926.
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Cai, W., 2006: Antarctic ozone depletion causes in intensification of the Southern Ocean super-gyre circulation. Geophys. Res. Letts., 33, L03712, doi:10.1029/2005GL024911.
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Cai, W., and P.H. Whetton, 2001: Modes of SST variability and the fluctuation of global mean temperature. Clim. Dynam., 17, 889-901.
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Cai, W., G. Shi, T. Cowan, D. Bi, and J. Ribbe, 2005: he response of the Southern Annular Mode, the East Australian Current, and the southern mid-latitude ocean circulation to global warming. Geophys. Res. Letts., 32, L23706, doi:10.1029/2005GL024701.
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Cai, W.J., P.H. Whetton, and D.J. Karoly, 2003: The response of the Antarctic Oscillation to increasing and stabilized atmospheric CO2. J. Climate, 16, 1525-1538.
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Carleton, A.M., 2003: Atmospheric teleconnections involving the Southern Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 108(C4), 8080.
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Carvalho, L.M.V., C. Jones, and T. Ambrizzi, 2004: Opposite phases of the Antarctic Oscillation and Relationships with Intraseasonal to Interannual activity in the tropics during the Austral Summer. J. Climate, 18(5), 702-718, doi:10.1175/JCLI-3284.1.
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Cash, B.A., P.J. Kushner, and G.K. Vallis, 2002: The structure and composition of the annular modes in an aquaplanet general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 59(23), 3399-3414.
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Cash, B.A., P.J. Kushner, and G.K. Vallis, 2003: Zonal asymmetries, teleconnections, and annular patterns in a GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 62(1), 207-219, doi:10.1175/JAS-3361.1.
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Cassou, C., and L. Terray, 2001: Oceanis forcing of the wintertime low-frequency atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic European sector: A study with the ARPEGE model. J. Climate, 14(22), 4266-4291.
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Castanheira, J.M., H.-F. Graf, C. DaCamara, and A. Rocha, 2002: Using a physical reference frame to study global circulation variability. J. Atmos. Sci., 59(9), 1490-1501.
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Castanheira, J.M., and H.-F. Graf, 2003: North Pacific-North Atlantic relationships under stratospheric control? J. Geophys. Res., 108(D1), doi:10.1029/2002JD002754.
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Castro-Diez, Y., D. Pozo-Vasquez, F.S. Rodrigo, and M.J. Esteban-Parra, 2002: NAO and winter temperature variability in southern Europe. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, art. no. 1160.
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Cavazos, T., 2000: Using self-organizing maps to investigate extreme climate events: An application to wintertime precipitation in the Balkans J. Climate, 13, 1718-1732.
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Cazenave, A., C. Cabanes, K. Dominh, and S. Mangiarotti, 2001: Recent sea level change in the Mediterranean sea revealed by Topex/Poseidon satellite altimetry. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1607-1610.
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Chaboureau, J.-P., and C. Claud, 2003: Observed variability of North Atlantic oceanic precipitating systems during winter. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D14), 4435, doi:10.1029/2002JD003343.
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Chandler, R.E., and H.S. Wheater, 2002: Analysis of rainfall variability using generalized linear models: A case study from the west of Ireland. Water Resour. Res., 38(10), 1192, doi:10.1029/2001WR000906.
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Chang, C.P., P. Harr and J.H. Ju, 2001: Possible roles of Atlantic circulations on the weakening Indian monsoon rainfall-ENSo relationship. J. Climate, 14(11), 2376-2380.
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Chang, E.K.M., S. Lee, and K.L. Swanson, 2002: Storm track dynamics. J. Climate, 15(16), 2163-2183.
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Chang, E.K.M., and Y.F. Fu, 2002: Interdecadal variations in Northern Hemisphere winter storm track intensity. J. Climate, 15(6), 642-658.
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Changnon, D. J. Thompson, T. April, E. Schmidt, M. Falout, J.B. Davis, and M. Russo, Efforts to improve predictions of urban winter heating anomalies using various climate indices. Meteorol. Appl., 9, 105-111. Electronic version of manuscript available here.

Chapron, E., M. Desmet, T. De Putter, M.F. Loutre, C. Beck, and J.F. Deconinck, 2002: Climatic variability in the northwestern Alps, France, as evidenced by 600 years of terrigenous sedimentation in Lake Le Bourget. HOLOCENE, 12, 177-185.
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Charlton, A. J., A. O'Neill, D. B. Stephenson, W. A. Lahoz, M. P. Baldwin, 2003: Can knowledge of the state of the stratosphere be used to improve statistical forecasts of the troposphere? Q. J. Roy. Met. Soc, 129(B), #595, pg3205.
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Charlton, A. J., A. O'Neill, W. A. Lahoz, and A.C. Massacand, 2004: Sensitivity of Tropospheric Forecasts to Stratospheric Initial Conditions. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130(A), #600, pg1771.
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Chen, T.C., and M.C. Yen, 1997: Interdecadal variation of the Southern Hemisphere circulation. J. Climate, 10, 805-812.
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Chen, W., H.F. Graf, and M. Takahashi, 2002: Observed interannual oscillations of planetary wave forcing in the Northern Hemisphere winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, art. no. 2073.
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Cheng, X., and T. J. Dunkerton, 1995: Orthogonal rotation of spatial patterns derived from singular value decomposition analysis. J. Climate, 8, 2631-2643.
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Cherry, J., H. Cullen, M. Visbeck, A. Small, and C. Uvo, 2005: Impacts of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Scandinavian Hydropower Production and Energy Markets. Water Resource Management, 19, 673-691, doi:10.1007/s11269-005-3279-z.
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Chiapello, I., and C. Moulin, 2002: TOMS and METEOSTAT satellite records of the variability of Saharan dust transport over the Atlantic during the last two decades (1979-1997). Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, art. no. 1176.
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Chmielewski, F.M., and T. Rotzer, 2001: Response of tree phenology to climate change across Europe. Agr. Forest Meteorol., 108, 101-112.
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Christiansen, B., 1999: Stratospheric vacillations in a general circulation model J. Atm. Sci. , 56, 1858-1872.
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Christiansen, B., 2000: Chaos, quasi-periodicity and interannual variability: Studies of a stratospheric vacillation model. J. Atm. Sci., 57, 3161-3173.
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Christiansen, B., 2000: A model study of the dynamical connection between the Arctic Oscillation and stratospheric vacillations. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 29461-29474.
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Christiansen, B., 2001: Downward propagation of zonal mean zonal wind anomalies from the stratosphere to the troposphere: Model and reanalysis. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27307-27322.
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Christiansen, B., 2002: Comment on "True versus apparent arctic oscillation." Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(24), 2150, doi:10.1029/2002GL016051.
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Christiansen, B., 2002: On the physical nature of the Arctic Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(16), doi.10.1029/2002GL015208.
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Christiansen, B., 2003: Temporal growth and vertical propagation of perturbations in the winter atmosphere. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 129, 1589-1605.
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Christiansen, B., 2003: Evidence for nonlinear climate change: Two stratospheric regimes and a regime shift. J. Climate, 16, 3681-3689.
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Christiansen, B., 2005: Biomodality of the planetary-scale atmospheric wave amplitude index. J. Atmos. Sci., 62(7), 2528-2541.
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Christiansen, B., 2005: The shortcomings of Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis in Identifying Circulations Regimes. J. Climate, 18(22), 4814-4823.
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Christiansen, B., 2005: Downward propagation and statistical forecast of the near surface weather. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D14104, doi:10.1029/2004JD005431.
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Christiansen, B., 2007: Atmospheric circulation regimes: Can cluster analysis provide the number?. J. Climate, 20(10), 2229-2250.
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Christiansen, B., 2008: Volcanic eruptions, large scale modes in northern hemisphere, and the El Nino Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 21(5), 910-922.
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Christoph, M., U. Ulbrich, J.M. Oberhuber, and E. Roeckner, 2000: The Role of Ocean Dynamics for Low-Frequency Fluctuations of the NAO in a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere GCM. J. Climate, 13, 2536-2549.
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Chung, C.E., V. Ramanathan, 2003: South Asian haze forcing: Remote impacts with implications to ENSO and AO. J. Climate, 16(11), 1791-1806.
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Ciasto, L.M., and D.W.J. Thompson, 2008: Observations of large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Climate, 21(6), 1244-1259.
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Cilek, V., 2001: The loess deposits of the Bohemian Massif: silt provenance, palaeometeorology and loessification processes. Quartern. Int., 76-7, 123-128.
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Clare, G.R., B.B. Fitzharris, T.J.H. Chinn, and M.J. Salinger, 2002: Interannual variation in end-of-summer snowlines of the Southern Alps of New Zealand, and relationships with Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature patterns. INt. J. Climatol., 22, 107-120.
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Cohen, J., D. Entekhabi, 1999: Eurasian snow cover variability and Northern Hemisphere climate predictability Geophys.Res. Lett., 26, 345-348.
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Cohen, J., and K. Saito, 2002: A test for annular modes. J. Climate, 15, 2537-2546.
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Cohen, J., K. Saito, and D. Entekhabi, 2001: The role of the Siberian high in Northern Hemisphere climate variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 299-302.
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Collins, M., S. F. B. Tett, and C. Cooper, 2001: The internal climate variability of HadCM3, a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments Climate Dyn., 17, 61-81.
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Comiso, J.C., 2001: Variability and Trends in Antarctic Surface Temperatures from In Situ and Satellite Infrared Measurements. J. Climate, 13(10), 1674-1696.
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Goedkoop, W., and R.K. Johnson, 2001: Factors affecting population fluctuations of the glacial relict amphipod Monoporeia affinis (Lindstrom) in Sweden's largest lakes. AMBIO, 30, 552-558.
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Gong, D.-Y., and C.-H. Ho, 2002: Arctic oscillation signal in the East Asian summer monsoon. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D2), 4066, doi:10.1029/2002JD002193.
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Grassi, B., G. Redaelli, and G. Visconti, 2005: Simulation of Polar Antarctic trends: Influence of tropical SST. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L23806, doi:10.1029/2005GL023804.
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Grassi, B., G. Redaelli, and G. Visconti, 2008: Tropical SST preconditioning of the SH polar vortex during winter 2002. J. Climate, submitted.
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Graversen, R., and B. Christiansen, 2003: Downward propagation from the stratosphere to the troposphere: A comparison of two hemispheres. J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D24), 4780, doi:10.1029/2003JD004077.
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Greatbatch, R. J., 2000: The North Atlantic Oscillation (review paper). Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 14(4-5), 213-242
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Greene, C.H., and A.J. Pershing, 2000: The response of Calanus finmarchicus populations to climate variability in the Northwest Atlantic: basin-scale forcing associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation. Ices J. Mar. Sci., 57, 1536-1544.
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Grey, S., K. Haines, and A. Troccoli, 2000: A Study of Temperature Changes in the Upper North Atlantic: 195 0-94. J. Climate, 13, 2697-2711.
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Guisande, C., J.M. Cabanas, A.R. Vergara, and I. Riveiro, 2001: Effect of climate on recruitment success of Atlantic Iberian sardine Sardina pilchardus. Mar. Ecol-Progr. Ser., 223, 243-250.
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Gulev, S.K., O. Zolina, and S. Grigoriev, 2001: Extratropical cyclone variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. Clim. Dynam., 17, 795-809.